The following quotations show how broad this definition can be.

"All ideas, facts and imaginative works of the mind which have been communicated, recorded, published and/or distributed formally or informally in any format."
-American Library Association

"In the beginning there was information. The word came later. The transition was achieved by the development of organisms with the capacity for selectively exploiting this information in order to survive and perpetuate their kind."
-Dreske, Fred. Knowledge and the Flow of Information. 1st MIT Press edition, 1981 Bredford Books.

"Data becomes information only when it's put into a context."
-John McChesney, National Public Radio reporter

Information is:
"The time of day-as is tomorrow's weather, a ship's course, and a baby's weight. The contents of a typed memo - as are the contents of every book written and of the Louvre and every other museum. Birds sounds and Presidential speeches, radio shows and all the music aver played and to be played. All 20,000 commercial videos and movies. The process of designing a house or a car - most of the office work carried out by hundreds of millions of people. Military orders, medical test results, and assembly instructions - business procedures and all computer software."
-Dertousous, Michael L. What will be: How the New World of Information Will Change Our Lives. 1997. NY: HarperCollins.

"Knowledge is of two kinds. We know a subject ourselves, or we know where we can find information upon it."
-Samuel Johnson, 1775

"Information is any difference that makes a difference"
-Gregory Bateson, 1984

"Information, free from interest or prejudice, free from the vanity of the writer or the influence of a Government, is as necessary to the human mind as pure air and water to the human body."
-William Rees-Mogg, 1970

For definitions we usually turn to a dictionary or encyclopedia. It's a good place or start.
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary

in·for·ma·tion
Date: 14th century
1 : the communication or reception of knowledge or intelligence  2 a (1) : knowledge obtained from investigation, study, or instruction (2) : INTELLIGENCE, NEWS (3) : FACTS, DATA b : the attribute inherent in and communicated by one of two or more alternative sequences or arrangements of something (as nucleotides in DNA or binary digits in a computer program) that produce specific effects c (1) : a signal or character (as in a communication system or computer) representing data (2) : something (as a message, experimental data, or a picture) which justifies change in a construct (as a plan or theory) that represents physical or mental experience or another construct d : a quantitative measure of the content of information; specifically : a numerical quantity that measures the uncertainty in the outcome of an experiment to be performed 3 : the act of informing against a person  4 : a formal accusation of a crime made by a prosecuting officer as distinguished from an indictment presented by a grand jury.
 
According to the International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science, information is "best seen as holding the place in the spectrum between raw data and knowledge. Seen in this way, information is an assemblage of data in a comprehensible form capable of communication and use: facts to which meaning has been attached."

In this sense, almost everything could be information - facts (events, concepts, objects, etc.) that carry meaning and can be communicated.

Data & facts > information > knowledge & meaning

Information should be placed in context. It should help answer “why’s and wherefores.” It should reveal patterns and relationships. It should help us understand the world in greater depth, as opposed to just skimming the surface.